Automotive Systems and Terminology Flashcards

In a rear-end collision claim, an adjuster finds the 'crush initiator' structures are deformed. What is their purpose?

Answer: To trigger predictable, controlled deformation of rear rails to absorb crash energy

Crush initiators are engineered weak points or notches in rear rails that cause them to fold predictably, maximizing energy absorption during a rear collision.

What is 'camber' in wheel alignment terminology?

Answer: The side-to-side tilt of the tire when viewed from the front of the vehicle

Camber is the vertical tilt of the wheel — negative camber means the top of the tire leans inward, positive means it leans outward, when viewed from the front.

Which term describes the electronic system that uses sensors and a computer to detect and correct vehicle oversteer or understeer?

Answer: Electronic Stability Control (ESC)

Electronic Stability Control (ESC) detects loss of directional control and automatically applies selective braking or reduces engine power to correct the vehicle's path.

A repair estimate includes replacement of the 'A-pillar.' Where is this located on the vehicle?

Answer: The front pillar connecting the roof to the cowl, framing the windshield

The A-pillar is the foremost roof support pillar, located on each side of the windshield, connecting the roof to the front fender/cowl area.

What is the purpose of a vehicle's 'torque converter' in an automatic transmission?

Answer: To act as a fluid coupling that transfers and multiplies engine torque to the transmission

The torque converter uses transmission fluid to transfer engine torque to the transmission, allowing the engine to idle while the vehicle is stopped and multiplying torque during acceleration.

An adjuster assessing a flooded vehicle needs to identify the 'hydrolocked' engine. What caused this condition?

Answer: Water entered the combustion chambers, causing a non-compressible hydraulic lock when pistons tried to compress it

Hydrolocking occurs when enough water enters the cylinders that the pistons cannot compress it (water is incompressible), often bending connecting rods or breaking the engine block.

What is the function of the 'EGR valve' (Exhaust Gas Recirculation)?

Answer: It recirculates a portion of exhaust gases back into the intake to lower combustion temperatures and reduce NOx emissions

The EGR valve recirculates a metered amount of inert exhaust gas into the intake charge, diluting it to reduce peak combustion temperatures and minimize NOx formation.