Adult Learning Theories & Principles Flashcards

How does 'double-loop learning' (Argyris & Schön) differ from 'single-loop learning'?

Answer: Double-loop learning questions underlying assumptions and values, not just actions

Double-loop learning goes beyond correcting errors (single-loop) to questioning the governing values and assumptions that led to the problem in the first place.

According to Illeris's comprehensive model of learning, which three dimensions interact in every adult learning process?

Answer: Cognition, motivation, and social context

Illeris identified three interdependent dimensions: content (knowledge/skills), incentive (emotions/motivation), and interaction (with the social environment), though option C best captures this in common terminology.

An adult educator uses 'anticipatory sets' at the beginning of a lesson to activate prior knowledge. This strategy is grounded in which learning principle?

Answer: Constructivism — new knowledge is built on existing schema

Constructivism holds that learners build new understanding by connecting it to prior knowledge, so activating existing schema through an anticipatory set improves comprehension and retention.

Which concept from adult learning theory refers to a learner's ability to evaluate their own learning processes and adjust strategies accordingly?

Answer: Metacognition

Metacognition is 'thinking about thinking' — the ability to monitor, evaluate, and regulate one's own cognitive processes and learning strategies.

Garrison's model of self-directed learning includes three overlapping dimensions. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Answer: Self-certification

Garrison's model includes self-management (task control), self-monitoring (cognitive responsibility), and motivation (entering/task motivation), not self-certification.

In communities of practice (Wenger), how do 'legitimate peripheral participation' and adult learning connect?

Answer: Newcomers observe and gradually take on more central roles, learning through authentic participation in a community

Legitimate peripheral participation describes how newcomers learn by initially observing and performing peripheral tasks, gradually moving toward full participation as competence grows.

Which adult learning principle is most directly violated when an instructor assigns rote memorization tasks without connecting them to learners' real-world roles?

Answer: Andragogy's problem-centered orientation

Andragogy emphasizes that adults are problem-centered rather than subject-centered; disconnecting content from real-world application undermines their motivation and engagement.