CADC Counseling Theories and Models 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: In Motivational Interviewing, which technique involves reflecting back an exaggerated version of the client's statement to elicit self-correction?
- Double-sided reflection
- Amplified reflection (Correct answer)
- Simple reflection
- Reframing
Correct answer: Amplified reflection
Amplified reflection overstates the client's position, often prompting them to moderate their stance and voice their own reasons for change.
Question 2: Which stage of the Transtheoretical Model is characterized by a client who says, 'I've been thinking about quitting for a while but I'm not ready yet'?
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation (Correct answer)
- Preparation
- Action
Correct answer: Contemplation
Contemplation involves ambivalence and awareness of a problem but no firm commitment to change within a specific timeframe.
Question 3: Reality Therapy is based on which foundational concept developed by William Glasser?
- Unconscious drives and defense mechanisms
- Choice Theory and meeting basic needs (Correct answer)
- Irrational beliefs and cognitive distortions
- Conditioned responses and reinforcement
Correct answer: Choice Theory and meeting basic needs
Reality Therapy is grounded in Choice Theory, which holds that all behavior is chosen to satisfy five basic needs: survival, love/belonging, power, freedom, and fun.
Question 4: A counselor using Gestalt therapy asks a client to speak directly to an empty chair representing their deceased parent. This technique is called:
- Role reversal
- Empty chair technique (Correct answer)
- Flooding
- Mirroring
Correct answer: Empty chair technique
The empty chair technique allows clients to externalize and dialogue with significant people or parts of themselves to resolve unfinished business.
Question 5: In Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, 'all-or-nothing thinking' is an example of which concept?
- Core belief
- Cognitive distortion (Correct answer)
- Automatic thought trigger
- Schema activation
Correct answer: Cognitive distortion
Cognitive distortions are irrational thinking patterns that skew perception; all-or-nothing thinking is one of the most common distortions identified in CBT.
Question 6: According to Bowlby's Attachment Theory, which attachment style is most commonly associated with adults who experienced inconsistent caregiving and show both desire for and fear of intimacy?
- Secure
- Avoidant
- Anxious-preoccupied (Correct answer)
- Disorganized
Correct answer: Anxious-preoccupied
Anxious-preoccupied attachment develops from inconsistent parental availability, creating hyperactivation of the attachment system and ambivalence in relationships.
Question 7: Which theoretical framework emphasizes the role of cultural, social, and environmental factors as root causes of substance use disorders rather than individual pathology?
- Disease Model
- Moral Model
- Sociocultural Model (Correct answer)
- Psychodynamic Model
Correct answer: Sociocultural Model
The Sociocultural Model attributes substance use to external stressors such as poverty, discrimination, peer norms, and lack of resources rather than individual deficits.
