Rabies and Zoonotic Diseases Flashcards

An unvaccinated domestic dog that has bitten a person must be quarantined to observe for signs of rabies. What is the standard, most widely accepted quarantine period?

Answer: 10 days

The standard quarantine period for a domestic dog, cat, or ferret that has bitten a person is 10 days. This is based on the scientific understanding that these animals can only transmit the rabies virus in the final stages of the illness, typically within a few days before clinical signs appear. If the animal remains healthy for the 10-day observation period, it could not have transmitted rabies at the time of the bite.

An Animal Control Officer is dispatched to a residence where a bat was found in a room where a person was sleeping. The bat is captured and the resident is unsure if they were bitten. What is the correct immediate action regarding the bat?

Answer: Submit the bat for immediate rabies testing.

Due to the high risk of rabies in bats and the fact that bat bites can be small and go unnoticed, any direct contact with a bat, such as being in the same room as a sleeping person, is considered a potential exposure. The bat must be safely collected and submitted for immediate laboratory testing to determine if it is rabid. Post-exposure prophylaxis for the person is recommended to begin promptly and can be discontinued if the bat tests negative.

Which of the following is a zoonotic disease primarily caused by a fungus and often presents as a skin condition in both animals and humans?

Answer: Ringworm

Ringworm (Dermatophytosis) is a common zoonotic disease caused by a fungus, not a worm. It is transmitted through direct contact with an infected animal or contaminated surfaces and typically causes scaly, circular patches on the skin. Leptospirosis is bacterial, while Parvovirus and Canine Distemper are viral diseases and are not typically transmitted to humans.

An ACO is called to a scene where a raccoon, a high-risk rabies species, is acting aggressively in the daytime and appears disoriented. After safely capturing the animal, what is the primary public health responsibility?

Answer: Arrange for humane euthanasia and submission of the head for rabies testing.

High-risk wildlife species, such as raccoons, that are showing clinical signs consistent with rabies should be regarded as rabid unless proven otherwise by laboratory tests. The standard and necessary public health protocol is to humanely euthanize the animal and submit the head to a qualified laboratory for rabies testing to rule out any potential human or domestic animal exposures.

Rabies virus is transmitted between mammals PRIMARILY through which method?

Answer: Introduction of infected saliva into a bite wound or mucous membrane

The rabies virus is concentrated in the saliva of an infected animal. The primary mode of transmission is through a bite, where the infected saliva is introduced into the body. Transmission can also occur, though less commonly, if infected saliva comes into contact with mucous membranes (eyes, nose, mouth) or a fresh, open wound.

An ACO responds to a dog bite case. The dog has a current rabies vaccination. The owner of the dog that bit a person wants to know the appropriate procedure. Which of the following is the correct procedure?

Answer: The dog must be quarantined for 10 days.

Regardless of vaccination status, any dog, cat, or ferret that bites a human must undergo a 10-day quarantine period. While a current vaccination makes it highly unlikely the animal has rabies, the quarantine serves as a mandatory observation period to ensure public safety. Depending on local ordinances, a vaccinated animal may be eligible for a home quarantine.