Healthcare and Electrical Safety Flashcards
6 cards from real CABT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Healthcare and Electrical Safety flashcards as text
A nurse reports feeling a slight tingling sensation when simultaneously touching a patient's metal bed frame and the chassis of a portable ECG machine. This situation most likely indicates which electrical safety issue?
Answer: Excessive chassis leakage current.
A tingling sensation occurs when a small amount of current flows through the body. This is a classic sign of excessive leakage current from the medical device's chassis. If the ground path is compromised or the leakage is above safe limits, a person touching the device and a grounded object (like the bed frame) can complete a circuit, experiencing a shock.
According to the NFPA 99 standard, what is the maximum allowable ground wire resistance for a piece of cord-connected medical equipment used in a patient care setting?
Answer: 0.5 Ohms
NFPA 99 and AAMI standards specify that the resistance of the protective earth ground wire in cord-connected medical equipment must be very low to ensure safety. A low-resistance path allows fault current to flow to the ground and trip a circuit breaker, rather than passing through a patient or staff. The widely accepted maximum limit is 0.5 Ohms.
Which of the following is the most significant danger associated with microshock?
Answer: Induction of ventricular fibrillation from a very low current.
Microshock is hazardous because it involves a very small current applied directly to or near the heart, bypassing the skin's high resistance. Currents as low as 10 to 20 microamperes can be sufficient to induce ventricular fibrillation, a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia. Macroshock, in contrast, involves larger currents passing through the skin.
A biomedical technician is replacing a wall outlet in a patient's room designated as a "wet procedure location." Which type of receptacle is required to be installed to enhance safety?
Answer: A hospital-grade receptacle.
Hospital-grade receptacles are mandatory in patient care areas, especially wet locations. They are built to higher standards of durability and, most importantly, provide superior and more reliable grounding contact retention to withstand frequent use and abuse, which is critical for patient safety. They are identifiable by a green dot on the face of the receptacle.
What is the primary safety function of an isolation transformer in the power supply of medical equipment used in an operating room?
Answer: To create an ungrounded secondary circuit, reducing macroshock risk.
An isolation transformer's primary purpose in medical systems is safety. It creates a secondary power source that is electrically isolated from the grounded primary. This means that a person touching one live conductor and ground will not complete a circuit, drastically reducing the risk of a dangerous macroshock, which is especially important in critical care areas like operating rooms.
During an electrical safety inspection, a technician tests a portable patient monitor. Under NFPA 99 guidelines for equipment used in the patient care vicinity, the chassis leakage current must NOT exceed:
Answer: 300 microamperes
NFPA 99 sets specific limits for leakage current to ensure patient safety. For portable cord-connected appliances used within the "Patient Care Vicinity," the chassis leakage current must not exceed 300 microamperes (µA). This limit helps prevent microshock and macroshock hazards.