CAA Perioperative Care & Patient Monitoring 3

Question 1

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) used as cerebral oximetry during anesthesia measures:

Accepted Answer

Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) noninvasively

Answer

Cortical EEG activity for depth of anesthesia

Answer

Transcranial Doppler flow velocities

Answer

Jugular venous oxygen saturation via catheter

Question 2

The primary purpose of preoperative fasting (NPO) guidelines before elective surgery is to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents

Answer

Reduce patient anxiety and facilitate sedation

Answer

Improve surgical field visualization and access

Answer

Decrease intraoperative anesthetic drug requirements

Question 3

According to current ASA preoperative fasting guidelines, clear liquids (water, clear juice, black coffee) may be consumed up to how many hours before elective surgery in healthy adults?

Accepted Answer

2 hours

Answer

8 hours

Answer

6 hours

Answer

4 hours

Question 4

Capnography is sometimes referred to as the 'fifth vital sign' in anesthesia because it simultaneously provides information about:

Accepted Answer

Ventilation, circulation, and metabolic state

Answer

Central venous pressure and volume status

Answer

Pulmonary artery pressure and right heart function

Answer

Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance

Question 5

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), characterized by memory impairment and reduced cognitive function persisting after surgery, is most prevalent in which patient population?

Accepted Answer

Elderly patients older than 65 years

Answer

Pediatric patients under age 5

Answer

Young adults aged 18–40

Answer

Pregnant patients undergoing cesarean section

Question 6

Which pharmacologic agent is used in the PACU to reverse opioid-induced respiratory depression while preserving some degree of analgesia at low doses?

Accepted Answer

Naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist) titrated in small IV doses

Answer

Sugammadex (selective relaxant binding agent)

Answer

Flumazenil (benzodiazepine antagonist)

Answer

Neostigmine (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor)

Question 7

Which pain assessment scale is most commonly used to evaluate postoperative pain intensity in conscious, communicative adult patients?

Accepted Answer

Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scored 0–10

Answer

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

Answer

Apfel score for PONV risk

Answer

ASA physical status classification