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Bachelor of Theology Church History Flashcards

7 cards from real BTHEOL practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. The Waldensian movement, founded by Peter Waldo in the 12th century, emphasized which practice that brought conflict with the Church?

    Answer: Lay preaching and vernacular Scripture reading

    Peter Waldo and the Waldensians promoted lay preaching and reading Scripture in the vernacular, which the Church prohibited for laypeople without authorization.

  2. Arianism, condemned at the Council of Nicaea (325 AD), taught that Jesus Christ was what?

    Answer: A created being subordinate to the Father

    Arianism, taught by Arius of Alexandria, held that the Son was the first and greatest creation of God but was not co-eternal or co-equal with the Father.

  3. The term 'apostolic succession' in church history refers to which concept?

    Answer: The unbroken line of ordained bishops tracing back to the apostles

    Apostolic succession refers to the continuous chain of ordained authority passed from the apostles through bishops, ensuring the legitimacy of church leadership and sacraments.

  4. Which event in church history is commonly referred to as the 'Babylonian Captivity of the Church' (1309–1377)?

    Answer: The period when the papacy was relocated to Avignon, France

    The 'Babylonian Captivity' refers to the 68-year period when the papacy was based in Avignon under French influence rather than in Rome.

  5. The First Great Awakening in colonial America (1730s–1740s) was most closely associated with which preachers?

    Answer: Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield

    Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield were central figures of the First Great Awakening, sparking widespread revival and emotional conversion experiences across the colonies.

  6. Which 5th-century church council declared Mary as 'Theotokos' (God-bearer), affirming the unity of Christ's divine and human natures?

    Answer: Council of Ephesus

    The Council of Ephesus (431 AD) affirmed Mary as Theotokos to protect the doctrine that Jesus was fully divine and human in one person, against Nestorius's teaching.

  7. The Jesuit Order (Society of Jesus), founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1540, was particularly known for its work in which area?

    Answer: Education and foreign missions

    The Jesuits became renowned for establishing schools and universities and conducting missionary work in Asia, the Americas, and Africa as part of the Counter-Reformation.