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Bachelor of Theology Christian Ethics Flashcards

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  1. Which ethical framework holds that an action's morality is determined solely by its consequences?

    Answer: Consequentialism

    Consequentialism judges actions as right or wrong based entirely on their outcomes or results.

  2. In Christian ethics, the concept of 'agape' primarily refers to:

    Answer: Unconditional, self-giving love modeled after God's love

    Agape is the Greek term for unconditional, self-sacrificial love, most fully expressed in God's love for humanity through Christ.

  3. Which theologian wrote 'The City of God' and significantly shaped Western Christian ethics?

    Answer: Augustine of Hippo

    Augustine of Hippo wrote 'The City of God' (De Civitate Dei), contrasting the earthly city with the heavenly city and shaping Christian political and moral thought.

  4. The principle of 'double effect' in Christian moral theology allows for an action that causes harm when:

    Answer: The harmful effect is foreseen but not intended and proportionate good results

    The doctrine of double effect permits actions with harmful side effects when the action itself is good, the bad effect is not intended, and the good outweighs the evil.

  5. Which Christian ethical tradition emphasizes that moral law is written on human hearts and discoverable through reason?

    Answer: Natural law theory

    Natural law theory, rooted in Aquinas, holds that God has inscribed moral truth into creation and human reason can discern it without special revelation.

  6. What does the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5–7) contribute to Christian ethical thought?

    Answer: It sets a higher moral standard that exposes the heart's motives, not just outward behavior

    The Sermon on the Mount deepens Torah ethics by addressing inner attitudes and motives, not merely external compliance with rules.

  7. In Reinhold Niebuhr's Christian realism, which of the following best describes his view of human nature?

    Answer: Humans are both created in God's image and radically corrupted by sin, producing moral ambiguity

    Niebuhr's Christian realism affirms human dignity and creativity alongside a serious doctrine of original sin, producing inevitable moral ambiguity in all human endeavors.