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Bachelor of Theology Flashcards

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  1. Which New Testament letter is addressed 'to the twelve tribes scattered among the nations'?

    Answer: James

    The letter of James opens with this address, suggesting its audience is Jewish Christians dispersed outside Palestine.

  2. In systematic theology, 'soteriology' is the study of:

    Answer: The doctrine of salvation

    Soteriology examines how humans are saved, including topics like atonement, justification, sanctification, and glorification.

  3. The Council of Chalcedon (451 AD) defined Christ as having:

    Answer: Two natures, divine and human, in one person without confusion or separation

    Chalcedon's definition affirms Christ's two natures — fully divine and fully human — united in one person without mixture, confusion, separation, or division.

  4. Which Old Testament prophet is associated with the 'Servant Songs' describing a suffering servant who bears the sins of others?

    Answer: Isaiah

    Isaiah chapters 42–53 contain four Servant Songs, with Isaiah 53 most prominently describing vicarious suffering, widely applied to Christ in the New Testament.

  5. What is the primary difference between general revelation and special revelation?

    Answer: General revelation is available to all through nature/conscience; special revelation is God's specific communication through Scripture and Christ

    General revelation reaches all people through creation and conscience (Romans 1-2), while special revelation is God's specific disclosure in Scripture and the incarnate Christ.

  6. Liberation theology, which emerged in Latin America in the 1960s-70s, emphasizes:

    Answer: God's preferential option for the poor and social justice as integral to the gospel

    Liberation theology reads Scripture through the lens of the poor and marginalized, arguing that authentic faith demands structural transformation of unjust social systems.

  7. The 'New Perspective on Paul,' associated with scholars like E.P. Sanders, challenges the traditional Reformation reading of Paul by arguing that:

    Answer: First-century Judaism was not a religion of works-righteousness, altering how we understand Paul's critique of 'works of the law'

    Sanders argued that Second Temple Judaism operated on 'covenantal nomism' (grace + law-keeping), meaning Paul's target was Jewish boundary markers, not earning salvation through merit.