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Technology Management and Innovation Flashcards

6 cards from real BSE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. What is the primary distinction between 'invention' and 'innovation' in technology management?

    Answer: Invention is the creation of a new idea; innovation is the successful implementation of that idea to create value

    Invention refers to the creation of a new concept or device, while innovation involves successfully bringing that invention to market or applying it to create value.

  2. What does the 'Technology Readiness Level' (TRL) scale measure?

    Answer: The maturity level of a technology from basic research to full deployment

    TRL is a nine-level scale (1=basic principles observed, 9=system proven in operational environment) used to assess how mature a technology is for deployment.

  3. Which technology adoption curve segment consists of visionary early buyers who are willing to accept risk and high prices for new technology?

    Answer: Early Adopters

    Early adopters are opinion leaders who embrace new technology early, accepting imperfections in exchange for gaining competitive advantage, and their endorsement is critical for mainstream adoption.

  4. What is 'disruptive innovation' as defined by Clayton Christensen?

    Answer: An innovation that initially targets overlooked market segments and eventually displaces established competitors

    Disruptive innovation starts in low-end or new market segments, improves over time, and eventually displaces established products — often catching incumbents off guard.

  5. What is the purpose of a technology roadmap in engineering management?

    Answer: To align technology development plans with business strategy and communicate the path forward

    A technology roadmap visualizes the planned evolution of products and technologies over time, aligning R&D investments with business strategy and communicating plans to stakeholders.

  6. Which intellectual property protection covers new, useful, and non-obvious inventions and grants the inventor exclusive rights for 20 years?

    Answer: Patent

    A utility patent grants the inventor the exclusive right to make, use, and sell an invention for 20 years from the filing date, in exchange for public disclosure of the invention.