BS Bachelor of Science: Life, Physical, and Chemical 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?
- Ribosome
- Mitochondria (Correct answer)
- Golgi apparatus
- Lysosome
Correct answer: Mitochondria
Mitochondria generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration.
Question 2: What is the primary product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
- Glucose
- Carbon dioxide
- ATP and NADPH (Correct answer)
- Starch
Correct answer: ATP and NADPH
The light-dependent reactions produce ATP and NADPH, which power the Calvin cycle.
Question 3: Which type of bond holds the two strands of a DNA double helix together?
- Covalent bonds
- Ionic bonds
- Hydrogen bonds (Correct answer)
- Peptide bonds
Correct answer: Hydrogen bonds
Hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs (A-T and G-C) hold the two DNA strands together.
Question 4: During meiosis, genetic variation is increased by which process that exchanges segments between homologous chromosomes?
- Replication
- Crossing over (Correct answer)
- Translation
- Transcription
Correct answer: Crossing over
Crossing over during prophase I of meiosis shuffles genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
Question 5: Which macromolecule serves as both a structural component and an enzyme in living organisms?
- Lipids
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins (Correct answer)
- Nucleotides
Correct answer: Proteins
Proteins function as enzymes (biological catalysts) and structural components such as collagen and keratin.
Question 6: The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires which of the following conditions?
- Small population size
- Natural selection acting on traits
- No gene flow between populations (Correct answer)
- High mutation rate
Correct answer: No gene flow between populations
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires no gene flow, random mating, no selection, no mutation, and large population size.
Question 7: Which kingdom includes organisms that are prokaryotic and lack a membrane-bound nucleus?
- Fungi
- Protista
- Bacteria (Correct answer)
- Plantae
Correct answer: Bacteria
Bacteria are prokaryotes that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
BS Bachelor of Science: Life, Physical, and Chemical 2
Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?