BS Bachelor of Science: Intro to Life Sciences 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which branch of life sciences studies the structure of organisms and their parts?
- Physiology
- Ecology
- Anatomy (Correct answer)
- Genetics
Correct answer: Anatomy
Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the structure and organization of living organisms.
Question 2: Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
- mRNA
- rRNA
- tRNA (Correct answer)
- snRNA
Correct answer: tRNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA) has an anticodon that matches mRNA codons and carries the corresponding amino acid to the ribosome.
Question 3: The concept of 'survival of the fittest' in evolutionary theory refers to:
- Physical strength of an organism
- Reproductive success in a given environment (Correct answer)
- Ability to avoid predators
- Intelligence relative to competitors
Correct answer: Reproductive success in a given environment
'Fitness' in evolutionary biology specifically means reproductive success — passing genes to the next generation.
Question 4: Which cellular process produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell?
- Meiosis I
- Meiosis II
- Mitosis (Correct answer)
- Fertilization
Correct answer: Mitosis
Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid daughter cells used for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
Question 5: The pH scale measures hydrogen ion concentration; a solution with pH 4 compared to pH 6 is:
- 2 times more acidic
- 10 times more acidic
- 100 times more acidic (Correct answer)
- 1000 times more acidic
Correct answer: 100 times more acidic
The pH scale is logarithmic, so a difference of 2 pH units means 10² = 100-fold difference in H⁺ concentration.
Question 6: Biodiversity is best measured by assessing which combination of factors?
- Species richness and evenness (Correct answer)
- Population size and growth rate
- Biomass and productivity
- Predator and prey ratios
Correct answer: Species richness and evenness
Biodiversity indices (like the Shannon index) incorporate both species richness (number of species) and evenness (relative abundance).
Question 7: Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus (Correct answer)
- Vacuole
- Peroxisome
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus acts as the cell's post office, processing and routing proteins to their final destinations.
BS Bachelor of Science: Intro to Life Sciences 5
Which branch of life sciences studies the structure of organisms and their parts?