1. B
The transom is the flat stern (back) surface of a boat that provides structural support and is typically where outboard motors are mounted. It’s a critical structural component that transfers the engine’s thrust to the hull.

2. C
According to navigation rules (COLREGS), when two power-driven vessels are crossing, the vessel that has the other on her starboard (right) side must give way. The vessel on the right has the right-of-way – “right has the right.”

3. C
A single prolonged blast (4-6 seconds) in restricted visibility indicates a power-driven vessel making way (moving through the water). This helps other vessels determine your position and status in low visibility conditions.

4. B
Motorboats between 26 and 40 feet require at least two B-I type approved hand portable fire extinguishers, or one B-II type. This ensures adequate fire suppression capability for vessels of this size.

5. B
Weight distribution and center of gravity are the most critical factors affecting stability. Improper weight distribution can cause listing, reduced freeboard, and increased capsizing risk, especially during turns or in rough water.

6. C
Red buoys mark the starboard (right) side of channels when returning from open water (the “Red Right Returning” rule). This helps mariners navigate safely through marked channels and avoid hazards.

7. B
A blood alcohol concentration of 0.08% is the legal limit for boat operation in most U.S. states, the same as for automobile operation. BUI (Boating Under the Influence) carries serious legal penalties.

8. A
A white all-around light (360-degree visibility) indicates a vessel at anchor. Different light configurations communicate a vessel’s status, size, and direction to other mariners at night.

9. C
Carbon monoxide (CO) is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, making it extremely dangerous. It can accumulate near swim platforms, in enclosed spaces, and around exhaust outlets, causing poisoning or death.

10. B
At least one responsible person ashore should know your float plan, including departure time, route, destination, and expected return time. This ensures someone can alert authorities if you don’t return as scheduled.

11. C
Power-driven vessels must give way to sailing vessels in most situations (except when the sailboat is overtaking or in specific restricted channels). Sailboats have limited maneuverability compared to power vessels.

12. A
Freeboard is the vertical distance from the waterline to the deck or gunwale. Adequate freeboard prevents water from easily entering the boat and is crucial for stability and safety, especially in rough conditions.

13. B
If you hear a MAYDAY call and are able to assist, respond immediately and provide your position and capabilities. MAYDAY indicates life-threatening distress, and all mariners have a duty to render assistance when possible.

14. B
If your boat capsizes, stay with the vessel – it provides flotation and visibility for rescuers. A capsized boat is easier to spot than a person in the water, and conserving energy improves survival chances.

15. A
Green can-shaped buoys (odd-numbered) mark the port (left) side of channels when returning from open water. Combined with red nun buoys, they form the lateral marking system that guides safe navigation.

16. B
The propeller danger zone extends several feet in all directions, with the greatest danger behind and below the propeller. Propellers can cause severe injury or death and can strike swimmers even when the boat appears stationary.

17. B
PFDs should be inspected before each trip for tears, holes, waterlogging, broken straps, and proper fit. Regular inspection ensures they will function properly in an emergency.

18. D
Most states require boater education for operators starting around age 14-16, though requirements vary significantly by state. Many states have graduated requirements based on age and vessel type.

19. B
Rapidly building cumulus clouds (especially towering cumulonimbus) indicate potential thunderstorm development. Other storm signs include darkening skies, sudden wind shifts, and dropping barometric pressure.

20. C
Three short blasts indicate astern propulsion (backing up/reverse). This warns other vessels that your boat is moving backward, which may not be obvious from a distance.

21. B
Ventilation systems must be operated before starting engines, especially in boats with enclosed engine compartments. This removes potentially explosive fuel vapors that can accumulate, preventing engine fires or explosions.

22. B
The kill switch (engine cut-off lanyard) stops the engine if the operator is thrown from the helm, preventing the boat from circling out of control or running over people in the water.

23. A
Type I (Offshore Life Jackets) provide the most buoyancy (at least 22 pounds) and are designed to turn most unconscious wearers face-up in the water. They’re intended for offshore use where rescue may be delayed.

24. B
Approach docks slowly at a shallow angle (20-30 degrees) into the wind or current. This allows better control and the ability to stop or adjust position using forward and reverse propulsion.

25. C
A vessel aground signals with a rapid ringing of a bell (and may also sound three distinct bell strokes before and after the rapid ringing). This warns other vessels of a hazard to navigation.

26. B
Hypothermia is the dangerous lowering of core body temperature, occurring when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it. In cold water, hypothermia can occur in minutes and is a leading cause of boating fatalities.

27. A
The 5-10-1 Principle describes cold water immersion stages: 5 minutes to control breathing (cold shock), 10 minutes of meaningful movement before losing dexterity, and 1 hour before becoming unconscious from hypothermia.

28. A
Sailboats under sail at night display red (port) and green (starboard) sidelights and a white stern light, but no forward-facing white masthead light (which is shown when under power).

29. C
In shallow water at high speed, boats risk striking submerged objects, experiencing reduced steering control, and creating excessive wakes. The propeller may also strike bottom, causing damage or cavitation.

30. B
Most states require children (typically under age 13, but varies by state) to wear PFDs at all times when a boat is underway. Some states have additional requirements based on boat type and conditions.

31. B
A displacement hull pushes through the water rather than riding on top. Its maximum efficient speed is limited by its waterline length (hull speed), typically calculated as 1.34 times the square root of the waterline length.

32. B
The proper sequence is: put arms through openings, secure waist/lower straps first, then chest straps, and adjust all straps for a snug fit. The jacket should not ride up over your head when lifted.

33. C
It is illegal to operate a boat while intoxicated in all U.S. states. BUI laws apply to all boat operators, and penalties are similar to DUI charges, including fines, imprisonment, and loss of operating privileges.

34. B
The capacity plate indicates the maximum weight capacity (people, gear, and motor) and maximum number of persons the boat can safely carry. Exceeding these limits reduces freeboard and increases capsizing risk.

35. B
Before starting the engine, open hatches and use your nose to detect fuel vapors in the engine compartment and bilge. If you smell fuel, do not start the engine until you locate and fix the source and ventilate completely.

36. B
A diamond-shaped marker with an open center (and often an orange border) indicates a danger area containing rocks, reefs, shoals, or other hazards. Boaters should stay well clear of these marked areas.

37. A
The proper approach is to circle back, approach from downwind, and put the engine in neutral when close to avoid propeller injury. Keep the person in sight at all times and throw a flotation device as soon as possible.

38. B
In no-discharge zones, marine sanitation devices must be secured to prevent any discharge (valves locked or removed). Waste must be held onboard and discharged only at pump-out facilities outside these zones.