Uveitis and Ocular Inflammation Flashcards
7 cards from real Board Certified Ophthalmologist practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Uveitis and Ocular Inflammation flashcards as text
Which HLA type is most strongly associated with birdshot chorioretinopathy?
Answer: HLA-A29
Birdshot chorioretinopathy has an almost pathognomonic association with HLA-A29, found in over 95% of affected patients—one of the strongest HLA-disease associations in medicine.
A patient presents with recurrent episodes of markedly elevated intraocular pressure (40–60 mmHg) with minimal anterior chamber cells or flare, and unilateral corneal edema. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Posner-Schlossman syndrome (glaucomatocyclitic crisis)
Posner-Schlossman syndrome presents with recurrent unilateral episodes of markedly elevated IOP with minimal anterior chamber inflammation, often with mild corneal edema.
What is the standard treatment regimen for active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis threatening the macula?
Answer: Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine + folinic acid (with adjunct corticosteroids)
The classic treatment for vision-threatening toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine + folinic acid (leucovorin to prevent bone marrow suppression), often combined with systemic corticosteroids.
Which imaging modality is most sensitive for detecting subclinical choroidal involvement in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome?
Answer: Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA)
ICGA is superior for imaging the choroidal stroma and detects subclinical choroidal granulomas in VKH as hypofluorescent dark spots, even before they are visible on FFA or clinical examination.
Which subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) carries the highest risk of developing chronic anterior uveitis?
Answer: Oligoarticular JIA in ANA-positive young girls
Oligoarticular JIA, particularly in young ANA-positive girls, carries up to a 30% risk of chronic asymptomatic anterior uveitis requiring regular slit-lamp screening.
In a patient with JIA-associated uveitis refractory to topical steroids and methotrexate, which biologic agent has FDA approval for this indication?
Answer: Adalimumab
Adalimumab (anti-TNF monoclonal antibody) received FDA approval for non-infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in pediatric patients, including JIA-associated uveitis refractory to conventional therapy.
Which finding on FFA is most characteristic of active Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome during the acute uveitic phase?
Answer: Multiple focal areas of subretinal fluid with pinpoint hyperfluorescent leaks at the RPE level
Acute VKH shows multiple focal pinpoint hyperfluorescent leaks at the RPE level on FFA with pooling into subretinal fluid compartments, reflecting choroidal inflammation and disruption of the outer blood-retinal barrier.