Uveitis and Ocular Inflammation Flashcards
7 cards from real Board Certified Ophthalmologist practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Uveitis and Ocular Inflammation flashcards as text
Which laboratory test is most useful in the initial workup of a patient with suspected sarcoid uveitis?
Answer: Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
Serum ACE is elevated in approximately 60–75% of patients with active sarcoidosis and is a useful screening test for sarcoid uveitis, though it lacks specificity.
What is the most common cause of infectious posterior uveitis in immunocompetent patients in the United States?
Answer: Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasma gondii is the most common cause of infectious posterior uveitis in immunocompetent individuals, presenting as focal retinochoroiditis typically adjacent to an old pigmented scar.
Which fundus finding is most characteristic of active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis?
Answer: White fluffy lesion adjacent to an old pigmented scar ('headlight in fog')
Active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis characteristically shows a white, fluffy active lesion adjacent to an old pigmented chorioretinal scar, producing the classic 'headlight in fog' appearance.
An AIDS patient develops painless progressive vision loss with a 'pizza pie' fundus appearance showing retinal whitening and hemorrhage. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: CMV retinitis
CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients classically presents with a 'pizza pie' or 'scrambled eggs and ketchup' appearance of retinal whitening (necrosis) with hemorrhage along vascular arcades.
Which anterior chamber finding is characteristic of Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI)?
Answer: Fine stellate KPs distributed across the entire corneal endothelium without posterior synechiae
FHI is characterized by fine stellate KPs distributed across the entire corneal endothelium without posterior synechiae formation, distinguishing it from other forms of chronic anterior uveitis.
In a patient receiving long-term systemic corticosteroids for uveitis, which ocular complication is most characteristic of steroid use?
Answer: Posterior subcapsular cataract
Posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC) are the classic ocular complication of both systemic and topical corticosteroid use, developing in a dose- and duration-dependent manner.
What is the mechanism of action of cyclosporine when used as a steroid-sparing agent in uveitis?
Answer: Blocks calcineurin, preventing IL-2 transcription and T-cell activation
Cyclosporine inhibits calcineurin, thereby blocking IL-2 gene transcription and T-cell activation, which is effective in immune-mediated uveitis requiring steroid-sparing therapy.