Glaucoma Diagnosis and Management Flashcards
7 cards from real Board Certified Ophthalmologist practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Glaucoma Diagnosis and Management flashcards as text
Latanoprost lowers IOP primarily by:
Answer: Increasing uveoscleral outflow
Prostaglandin F2α analogs remodel ciliary muscle extracellular matrix to increase uveoscleral outflow.
Which adverse effect is particularly characteristic of netarsudil?
Answer: Cornea verticillata
The Rho kinase inhibitor netarsudil commonly causes hyperemia and whorl-like corneal deposits (verticillata).
Brimonidine should be avoided in infants and young children chiefly because of:
Answer: CNS depression and apnea
Brimonidine crosses the immature blood-brain barrier and can cause somnolence, hypotension, and apnea in infants.
Which glaucoma medication is contraindicated in a patient with moderate persistent asthma?
Answer: Timolol
Nonselective beta-blockers like timolol can precipitate bronchospasm.
A patient on oral acetazolamide is most likely to develop which laboratory abnormality?
Answer: Hypokalemia with metabolic acidosis
Systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors cause bicarbonate wasting and potassium loss, leading to hypokalemic metabolic acidosis.
Latanoprostene bunod has a dual mechanism because it additionally:
Answer: Donates nitric oxide to increase trabecular outflow
Its butanediol mononitrate moiety releases nitric oxide, relaxing the trabecular meshwork to increase conventional outflow.
Which drug class both reduces aqueous production and increases uveoscleral outflow?
Answer: Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists
Alpha-2 agonists such as brimonidine decrease aqueous production and increase uveoscleral outflow.