Board Certified Ophthalmologist Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Questions and Answers Flashcards
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Read the first 6 Board Certified Ophthalmologist Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Questions and Answers flashcards as text
What is the Parks-Bielschowsky three-step test used to diagnose?
Answer: Cyclovertical muscle palsies
The three-step test systematically isolates which cyclovertical muscle is paretic by evaluating hyperdeviation in different gaze positions and head tilts.
A child with intermittent exotropia who maintains alignment most of the day but deviates when tired or daydreaming is best classified as having which subtype?
Answer: Basic type
Basic intermittent exotropia shows a similar deviation at distance and near and is the most common subtype.
Which finding on examination is pathognomonic for Duane retraction syndrome Type I?
Answer: Globe retraction with narrowing of the palpebral fissure on adduction
Globe retraction with palpebral fissure narrowing on attempted adduction is the hallmark of Duane syndrome, caused by co-contraction of the horizontal rectus muscles.
What is the preferred initial treatment for a 3-year-old with unilateral amblyopia and visual acuity of 20/80 in the amblyopic eye?
Answer: 2 hours per day of patching the sound eye
For moderate amblyopia (20/40 to 20/100), the PEDIG studies demonstrated that 2 hours of daily patching is as effective as 6 hours.
Which inherited condition causes bilateral lens subluxation superiorly and temporally and is associated with tall stature?
Answer: Marfan syndrome
Marfan syndrome classically causes superotemporal lens subluxation due to defective fibrillin in the zonular fibers.
A 2-year-old presents with leukocoria in the right eye. What is the most important diagnosis to rule out first?
Answer: Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma must be excluded first in any child presenting with leukocoria because delayed diagnosis is potentially life-threatening.