Board Certified Ophthalmologist Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Questions and Answers Flashcards
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Read the first 6 Board Certified Ophthalmologist Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Questions and Answers flashcards as text
A 4-year-old presents with a head tilt to the left shoulder. Which cranial nerve palsy is most likely responsible?
Answer: Fourth nerve palsy
A compensatory head tilt to the contralateral shoulder is the hallmark of a superior oblique (fourth nerve) palsy.
What is the critical period for amblyopia treatment in most children?
Answer: Birth to 7-8 years
The visual system remains plastic and responsive to amblyopia treatment until approximately age 7-8 years, though some benefit may extend beyond this.
Which type of esotropia is characterized by a high accommodative convergence to accommodation (AC/A) ratio?
Answer: Partially accommodative esotropia with high AC/A ratio
A high AC/A ratio esotropia shows significantly more deviation at near than at distance, often requiring bifocal correction.
A 6-month-old infant presents with a large-angle constant esotropia of 45 prism diopters. What is the recommended management?
Answer: Bilateral medial rectus recession surgery
Infantile esotropia with a large constant angle typically requires surgical correction, most commonly bilateral medial rectus recession.
Which condition is most commonly associated with dissociated vertical deviation (DVD)?
Answer: Infantile esotropia
DVD is strongly associated with infantile esotropia and occurs in up to 90% of cases over time.
In retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), at which zone does disease carry the worst prognosis?
Answer: Zone I
Zone I ROP involves the most posterior retina and carries the worst prognosis due to the large area of avascular retina.