Board Certified Ophthalmologist Retina and Vitreous Diseases Questions and Answers

Question 1

A 65-year-old patient with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and clinically significant macular edema (CSME) undergoes an OCT scan.
Which finding is most characteristic of the conversion from dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to neovascular (wet) AMD?

Accepted Answer

Subretinal or intraretinal fluid with a choroidal neovascular membrane.

Answer

Large, soft, confluent drusen with pigmentary changes.

Answer

Geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).

Answer

Epiretinal membrane with macular pucker.

Question 2

A 28-year-old male presents with a sudden, painless 'curtain' over the vision in his right eye, preceded by flashes of light and new floaters for two days. On examination, a bullous elevation of the neurosensory retina is noted in the superior temporal quadrant. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Answer

Tractional retinal detachment

Answer

Exudative retinal detachment

Answer

Central serous chorioretinopathy

Question 3

A 58-year-old patient with a history of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is diagnosed with high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). According to the Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS), which of the following findings confers the highest risk for severe vision loss?

Accepted Answer

Neovascularization of the disc (NVD) greater than 1/3 disc area with associated vitreous hemorrhage.

Answer

Neovascularization of the iris (NVI).

Answer

Four quadrants of intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA).

Answer

Hard exudates within the macula.

Question 4

A 70-year-old male presents with acute, painless vision loss in his left eye. Fundus examination reveals diffuse retinal hemorrhages in all four quadrants, cotton-wool spots, venous tortuosity, and optic disc swelling. Fluorescein angiography shows delayed venous filling and capillary nonperfusion. What is the most appropriate initial treatment for associated macular edema?

Accepted Answer

Intravitreal anti-VEGF injection

Answer

Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP)

Answer

Pars plana vitrectomy

Answer

Chorioretinal venous anastomosis

Question 5

A young, otherwise healthy 22-year-old female presents with bilateral, rapidly progressive vision loss. Fundus examination reveals dramatic, widespread, circumferential perivascular sheathing of both arteries and veins, giving the appearance of 'frosted branches.' There is associated vitritis and mild disc edema. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Frosted branch angiitis

Answer

Eales disease

Answer

Behçet's disease

Answer

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis

Question 6

Which of the following is the most characteristic initial symptom of typical retinitis pigmentosa (RP)?

Accepted Answer

Gradual difficulty with night vision (nyctalopia)

Answer

Acute onset of central scotoma

Answer

Progressive loss of color vision

Answer

Metamorphopsia and photopsia

A 65-year-old patient with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and clinically significant macular edema (CSME) undergoes an OCT scan.Which finding is most characteristic of the conversion from dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to neovascular (wet) AMD?

A 65-year-old patient with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and clinically significant macular edema (CSME) undergoes an OCT scan.
Which finding is most characteristic of the conversion from dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to neovascular (wet) AMD?