BMST Earth's Geological Cycles 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of rock is formed when magma cools and solidifies below Earth's surface?
- Sedimentary
- Intrusive igneous (Correct answer)
- Extrusive igneous
- Metamorphic
Correct answer: Intrusive igneous
Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma solidifies slowly beneath Earth's surface, producing coarse-grained rocks like granite.
Question 2: During the water cycle, what process converts liquid water into water vapor?
- Condensation
- Precipitation
- Transpiration
- Evaporation (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Evaporation
Evaporation is the process by which liquid water absorbs heat energy and transforms into water vapor at the surface.
Question 3: Which layer of Earth is responsible for the movement of tectonic plates?
- Inner core
- Outer core
- Asthenosphere (Correct answer)
- Lithosphere
Correct answer: Asthenosphere
The asthenosphere is a semi-fluid layer of the upper mantle that flows slowly, driving the movement of tectonic plates above it.
Question 4: What is the primary source of energy that drives the water cycle?
- Geothermal energy
- Wind energy
- Solar energy (Correct answer)
- Gravitational energy
Correct answer: Solar energy
Solar energy from the Sun powers evaporation, which is the first step in the water cycle.
Question 5: When two oceanic tectonic plates converge, what typically occurs?
- A mid-ocean ridge forms
- One plate subducts beneath the other (Correct answer)
- Both plates are uplifted equally
- A rift valley is created
Correct answer: One plate subducts beneath the other
When two oceanic plates converge, the denser plate subducts under the less dense plate, often forming deep ocean trenches.
Question 6: Which process in the carbon cycle involves plants absorbing CO₂ from the atmosphere?
- Respiration
- Decomposition
- Combustion
- Photosynthesis (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis allows plants to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it into organic compounds using sunlight.
Question 7: What type of boundary is formed where two tectonic plates move apart from each other?
- Convergent boundary
- Transform boundary
- Divergent boundary (Correct answer)
- Subduction boundary
Correct answer: Divergent boundary
Divergent boundaries occur where plates move apart, allowing magma to rise and form new crust, such as at mid-ocean ridges.
BMST Earth's Geological Cycles 2
Which type of rock is formed when magma cools and solidifies below Earth's surface?