BMST Cellular Processes and Organelles 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which organelle packages and ships proteins to their final destinations?
- Mitochondrion
- Nucleus
- Golgi apparatus (Correct answer)
- Centrosome
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and directs proteins to their correct locations inside or outside the cell.
Question 2: What is osmosis?
- Movement of solutes from high to low concentration
- Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration (Correct answer)
- Active transport of ions against a gradient
- Protein synthesis at the ribosome
Correct answer: Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration
Osmosis is the passive diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane toward areas of higher solute concentration.
Question 3: Which cellular process requires oxygen as a final electron acceptor?
- Anaerobic fermentation
- Glycolysis
- Aerobic respiration (Correct answer)
- Photosynthesis
Correct answer: Aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen in the electron transport chain to produce large amounts of ATP.
Question 4: What is the function of centrioles in animal cells?
- Protein synthesis
- Energy production
- Organizing the mitotic spindle during cell division (Correct answer)
- Lipid metabolism
Correct answer: Organizing the mitotic spindle during cell division
Centrioles form the spindle fibers that pull chromosomes to opposite poles during cell division.
Question 5: Which process moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy?
- Simple diffusion
- Osmosis
- Facilitated diffusion
- Active transport (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Active transport
Active transport uses ATP to move molecules from low to high concentration, against their natural gradient.
Question 6: Where does the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis occur?
- Stroma
- Cytoplasm
- Thylakoid membrane (Correct answer)
- Mitochondrial matrix
Correct answer: Thylakoid membrane
The light-dependent reactions occur on the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll absorbs light to produce ATP and NADPH.
Question 7: What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
- It swells and may burst
- It shrinks due to water leaving the cell (Correct answer)
- It remains unchanged
- It undergoes mitosis
Correct answer: It shrinks due to water leaving the cell
In a hypertonic solution, the higher external solute concentration draws water out of the cell, causing it to shrink (crenation).
BMST Cellular Processes and Organelles 3
Which organelle packages and ships proteins to their final destinations?