BMST - Basic Math and Science Cellular Processes and Organelles Questions and Answers 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which component of the cell membrane is responsible for cell recognition and communication?
- Phospholipid bilayer
- Cholesterol
- Glycoproteins (Correct answer)
- Integral proteins
Correct answer: Glycoproteins
Glycoproteins on the cell surface act as identification markers and receptor sites, enabling cell recognition, immune responses, and intercellular communication.
Question 2: What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
- Breaking down glucose into pyruvate
- Producing NADH from the Krebs cycle
- Using electrons to pump H+ ions and generate ATP (Correct answer)
- Converting ADP to pyruvate
Correct answer: Using electrons to pump H+ ions and generate ATP
The electron transport chain transfers electrons through protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, pumping H+ ions to drive ATP synthase and produce most of the cell's ATP.
Question 3: Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplast (Correct answer)
- Vacuole
- Nucleus
Correct answer: Chloroplast
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and other pigments in their thylakoid membranes, where light energy is captured and converted into chemical energy (glucose).
Question 4: What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
- Prokaryotes have a nucleus; eukaryotes do not
- Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotes do not (Correct answer)
- Prokaryotes are always multicellular; eukaryotes are unicellular
- Eukaryotes lack DNA; prokaryotes have DNA
Correct answer: Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotes do not
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles including a true nucleus, while prokaryotic cells lack these membrane-bound compartments and have a nucleoid region instead.
Question 5: What is the net ATP yield from glycolysis (per molecule of glucose)?
- 1 ATP
- 2 ATP (Correct answer)
- 4 ATP
- 36 ATP
Correct answer: 2 ATP
Glycolysis produces 4 ATP but consumes 2 ATP to start the process, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP per glucose molecule.
Question 6: Which cellular junction allows direct communication between adjacent animal cells via channels?
- Tight junctions
- Desmosomes
- Gap junctions (Correct answer)
- Plasmodesmata
Correct answer: Gap junctions
Gap junctions are protein channels that directly connect the cytoplasm of neighboring animal cells, allowing ions, small molecules, and electrical signals to pass between them.
Question 7: What is the primary role of the vacuole in a mature plant cell?
- Energy production
- Protein synthesis
- Maintaining turgor pressure and storage (Correct answer)
- DNA replication
Correct answer: Maintaining turgor pressure and storage
The large central vacuole in plant cells stores water, nutrients, and waste products, and maintains turgor pressure that keeps the plant cell rigid and supports plant structure.
BMST - Basic Math and Science Cellular Processes and Organelles Questions and Answers 5
Which component of the cell membrane is responsible for cell recognition and communication?