BMST - Basic Math and Science Cellular Processes and Organelles Questions and Answers 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which cellular organelle contains its own DNA and reproduces by binary fission?
- Nucleus
- Lysosome
- Mitochondria (Correct answer)
- Golgi apparatus
Correct answer: Mitochondria
Mitochondria contain their own circular DNA and ribosomes, and divide independently by binary fission, supporting the endosymbiotic theory.
Question 2: What is the primary function of lysosomes in animal cells?
- Protein secretion
- Intracellular digestion (Correct answer)
- Photosynthesis
- Cell division
Correct answer: Intracellular digestion
Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign invaders through intracellular digestion.
Question 3: In plant cells, which organelle stores pigments, starch, and oils?
- Vacuole
- Plastid (Correct answer)
- Peroxisome
- Cell wall
Correct answer: Plastid
Plastids are plant-specific organelles that include chloroplasts (photosynthesis), chromoplasts (pigments), and leucoplasts (starch/oil storage).
Question 4: What happens to a plant cell when placed in a hypertonic solution?
- It swells and may burst
- It shrinks and the membrane pulls away from the wall (plasmolysis) (Correct answer)
- It remains unchanged
- It undergoes mitosis
Correct answer: It shrinks and the membrane pulls away from the wall (plasmolysis)
In a hypertonic solution, water leaves the plant cell by osmosis, causing the cytoplasm to shrink and pull away from the cell wall, a process called plasmolysis.
Question 5: Which phase of mitosis involves chromosomes aligning at the cell's equatorial plate?
- Prophase
- Metaphase (Correct answer)
- Anaphase
- Telophase
Correct answer: Metaphase
During metaphase, chromosomes are pulled to the middle of the cell (metaphase plate) by spindle fibers attached to the centromeres.
Question 6: What is the function of the centrioles in animal cells?
- Protein synthesis
- Forming the mitotic spindle during cell division (Correct answer)
- Energy production
- Lipid metabolism
Correct answer: Forming the mitotic spindle during cell division
Centrioles organize the mitotic spindle fibers during cell division, helping to pull chromosomes to opposite poles of the dividing cell.
Question 7: What is apoptosis?
- Uncontrolled cell division
- Programmed cell death (Correct answer)
- Cell membrane rupture
- Viral cell infection
Correct answer: Programmed cell death
Apoptosis is a controlled, programmed process of cell death that eliminates damaged, unneeded, or potentially dangerous cells without causing inflammation.
BMST - Basic Math and Science Cellular Processes and Organelles Questions and Answers 4
Which cellular organelle contains its own DNA and reproduces by binary fission?