BMST - Basic Math and Science Cellular Processes and Organelles Questions and Answers 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?
- Golgi apparatus (Correct answer)
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Lysosome
- Peroxisome
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the ER, modifies them, and packages them into vesicles for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
Question 2: What is the term for the process by which a cell engulfs large particles or other cells?
- Pinocytosis
- Phagocytosis (Correct answer)
- Exocytosis
- Osmosis
Correct answer: Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis where the cell membrane surrounds and engulfs large solid particles, forming a phagosome.
Question 3: Which structure controls what enters and exits the nucleus?
- Nuclear lamina
- Nucleolus
- Nuclear pore complex (Correct answer)
- Chromatin
Correct answer: Nuclear pore complex
Nuclear pore complexes are protein channels in the nuclear envelope that regulate the transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Question 4: During aerobic respiration, where does the Krebs cycle occur?
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondrial matrix (Correct answer)
- Inner mitochondrial membrane
- Outer mitochondrial membrane
Correct answer: Mitochondrial matrix
The Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) takes place in the mitochondrial matrix, the fluid-filled space inside the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Question 5: What is the function of ribosomes found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
- Lipid synthesis
- Protein synthesis (Correct answer)
- DNA replication
- ATP production
Correct answer: Protein synthesis
Ribosomes on the rough ER synthesize proteins that are destined for secretion, insertion into membranes, or delivery to lysosomes.
Question 6: Which type of transport requires ATP and moves molecules against their concentration gradient?
- Simple diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion
- Active transport (Correct answer)
- Osmosis
Correct answer: Active transport
Active transport uses ATP energy to move molecules from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration, against the gradient.
Question 7: What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
- Protein synthesis and folding
- Lipid synthesis and detoxification (Correct answer)
- DNA transcription
- Cellular respiration
Correct answer: Lipid synthesis and detoxification
The smooth ER synthesizes lipids and steroids, detoxifies drugs and alcohol, and stores calcium ions for cell signaling.
BMST - Basic Math and Science Cellular Processes and Organelles Questions and Answers 3
Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?