Cellular Processes and Organelles Flashcards

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Answer: Mitochondrion

The mitochondrion generates ATP via oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration.

What process allows plant cells to convert light energy into glucose?

Answer: Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and converts light energy into chemical energy stored as glucose.

Which structure controls what enters and exits the cell?

Answer: Cell membrane

The cell membrane is selectively permeable and regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up along the cell's equator?

Answer: Metaphase

During metaphase, chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (the cell's equator) before being pulled apart.

What is the primary function of lysosomes?

Answer: Digesting cellular waste and debris

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances.

Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes?

Answer: Rough ER

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is named for its studded appearance due to attached ribosomes that synthesize proteins.

What molecule serves as the primary energy currency of the cell?

Answer: ATP

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stores and transfers energy within cells for various metabolic processes.