Cellular Processes and Organelles Flashcards
7 cards from real BMST practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Cellular Processes and Organelles flashcards as text
Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
Answer: Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport chain produces approximately 32-34 ATP molecules per glucose.
What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?
Answer: Synthesizing proteins from mRNA
Ribosomes translate messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains (proteins) through the process of translation.
Which of the following best describes the Calvin cycle?
Answer: Carbon fixation reactions that produce glucose using ATP and NADPH
The Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions) uses ATP and NADPH from the light reactions to fix CO₂ into glucose.
A cell with a large central vacuole filled with water is most likely from which type of organism?
Answer: Plant
Mature plant cells have a large central vacuole that maintains turgor pressure and stores water, nutrients, and waste products.
What is the end product of glycolysis?
Answer: Pyruvate
Glycolysis breaks one glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules, yielding a net gain of 2 ATP.
Which organelle contains its own DNA and replicates independently?
Answer: Mitochondrion
Mitochondria contain their own circular DNA and ribosomes, supporting the endosymbiotic theory of their origin.
What is the function of the nuclear envelope?
Answer: Separating the nuclear contents from the cytoplasm and regulating molecular transport
The nuclear envelope is a double membrane with nuclear pores that controls the movement of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.