Cellular Processes and Organelles Flashcards

Which organelle packages and ships proteins to their final destinations?

Answer: Golgi apparatus

The Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and directs proteins to their correct locations inside or outside the cell.

What is osmosis?

Answer: Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration

Osmosis is the passive diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane toward areas of higher solute concentration.

Which cellular process requires oxygen as a final electron acceptor?

Answer: Aerobic respiration

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen in the electron transport chain to produce large amounts of ATP.

What is the function of centrioles in animal cells?

Answer: Organizing the mitotic spindle during cell division

Centrioles form the spindle fibers that pull chromosomes to opposite poles during cell division.

Which process moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy?

Answer: Active transport

Active transport uses ATP to move molecules from low to high concentration, against their natural gradient.

Where does the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis occur?

Answer: Thylakoid membrane

The light-dependent reactions occur on the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll absorbs light to produce ATP and NADPH.

What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

Answer: It shrinks due to water leaving the cell

In a hypertonic solution, the higher external solute concentration draws water out of the cell, causing it to shrink (crenation).