- Basic Math and Science Earth's Geological Cycles Questions and Answers Flashcards

What is the approximate age of Earth based on radiometric dating?

Answer: 4.5 billion years

Radiometric dating of meteorites and the oldest Earth rocks places Earth's age at approximately 4.5 billion years.

Which process in the rock cycle occurs when sediments are compressed and cemented together over time?

Answer: Lithification

Lithification is the process by which loose sediments are compacted under pressure and cemented by minerals to form sedimentary rock.

At a convergent boundary where two continental plates collide, what geological feature typically forms?

Answer: Mountain range

When two continental plates collide at a convergent boundary, neither subducts easily, so the crust crumples and folds upward to form mountain ranges like the Himalayas.

What is the primary source of energy that drives the water cycle on Earth?

Answer: Solar energy from the Sun

The Sun's energy drives the water cycle by heating water in oceans, lakes, and rivers, causing evaporation that lifts water vapor into the atmosphere.

Which type of seismic wave travels only along Earth's surface and causes the most damage during an earthquake?

Answer: Surface waves

Surface waves travel along Earth's surface and produce the rolling or shaking motion that causes the most structural damage during earthquakes.

What is the name of the geological cycle that describes how carbon moves between the atmosphere, oceans, land, and living organisms?

Answer: Carbon cycle

The carbon cycle tracks how carbon atoms move through photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, combustion, and oceanic processes.

What is the term for the gradual wearing away and transport of rock and soil by water, wind, or ice?

Answer: Erosion

Erosion is the process by which agents like water, wind, and glaciers detach and transport rock and soil from one location to another.