- Basic Math and Science Cellular Processes and Organelles Questions and Answers Flashcards

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?

Answer: Golgi apparatus

The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the ER, modifies them, and packages them into vesicles for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

What is the term for the process by which a cell engulfs large particles or other cells?

Answer: Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis where the cell membrane surrounds and engulfs large solid particles, forming a phagosome.

Which structure controls what enters and exits the nucleus?

Answer: Nuclear pore complex

Nuclear pore complexes are protein channels in the nuclear envelope that regulate the transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

During aerobic respiration, where does the Krebs cycle occur?

Answer: Mitochondrial matrix

The Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) takes place in the mitochondrial matrix, the fluid-filled space inside the inner mitochondrial membrane.

What is the function of ribosomes found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer: Protein synthesis

Ribosomes on the rough ER synthesize proteins that are destined for secretion, insertion into membranes, or delivery to lysosomes.

Which type of transport requires ATP and moves molecules against their concentration gradient?

Answer: Active transport

Active transport uses ATP energy to move molecules from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration, against the gradient.

What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer: Lipid synthesis and detoxification

The smooth ER synthesizes lipids and steroids, detoxifies drugs and alcohol, and stores calcium ions for cell signaling.