BMST - Basic Math and Science Earth's Geological Cycles Questions and Answers

Question 1

A geologist discovers a rock layer containing distinct fossils of ancient sea creatures. This rock was most likely formed through which process?

Accepted Answer

The compaction and cementation of sand and shell fragments.

Answer

Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sediments. These sediments can include organic materials like shells and bones, which allows for the preservation of fossils. The intense heat and pressure involved in forming metamorphic and igneous rocks would typically destroy any fossil remains.

Question 2

What is the primary source of energy that drives the Earth's water cycle?

Accepted Answer

Solar radiation from the Sun

Answer

Solar energy from the Sun provides the necessary heat for evaporation, the process of converting liquid water into water vapor. This process is the main driver of the entire water cycle, powering the movement of water into the atmosphere.

Question 3

Which of the following processes is a key component of the carbon cycle that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis by plants

Answer

Photosynthesis is the process where plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create energy, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. This process effectively removes and sequesters carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The other options—combustion, respiration, and decomposition—are processes that release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Question 4

When an existing rock, such as sandstone, is subjected to intense heat and pressure deep within the Earth's crust, it transforms into a much harder and more compact rock, like quartzite. What is this geological process called?

Accepted Answer

Metamorphism

Answer

Metamorphism is the process by which existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks) are changed in form by intense heat, pressure, or chemical reactions, without melting. This transformation results in a new rock with different minerals and textures.

Question 5

At a subduction zone, an oceanic plate is forced beneath a continental plate, where it melts into magma. This magma rises and erupts from a volcano on the continental plate. The resulting volcanic rock is classified as which type?

Accepted Answer

Extrusive Igneous

Answer

Igneous rock is formed from the cooling of magma or lava. When this cooling happens on the Earth's surface, as in a volcanic eruption, the resulting rock is called extrusive igneous rock. Intrusive igneous rock cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface.

BMST - Basic Math and Science Test Practice Test

BMST - Basic Math and Science Test Practice Test

BMST - Basic Math and Science Earth's Geological Cycles Questions and Answers