BMS Battery Fundamentals & Electrochemistry 2

Question 1

What is the Nernst equation used to calculate in electrochemistry?

Accepted Answer

Equilibrium cell potential at non-standard conditions

Answer

The Nernst equation relates the equilibrium cell potential to the standard electrode potential, temperature, and the concentrations of reactants and products.

Question 2

Which phenomenon describes the gradual loss of lithium inventory due to irreversible side reactions at the anode?

Accepted Answer

Loss of lithium inventory (LLI)

Answer

Loss of lithium inventory (LLI) refers to lithium that becomes electrochemically inactive due to SEI growth, lithium plating, or other side reactions, reducing capacity.

Question 3

A galvanic cell has a positive standard cell potential (E°cell > 0). What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is spontaneous and produces electrical energy

Answer

A positive E°cell means the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) is negative, confirming the electrochemical reaction proceeds spontaneously.

Question 4

In a lithium-ion cell, what role does the separator play?

Accepted Answer

It prevents electronic contact between electrodes while allowing ionic transport

Answer

The separator is an electrically insulating but ionically permeable membrane that prevents short circuits while enabling lithium-ion flow between anode and cathode.

Question 5

What is the primary cause of voltage hysteresis observed during charge and discharge of a battery?

Accepted Answer

Polarization effects including ohmic, activation, and concentration losses

Answer

Voltage hysteresis arises from polarization losses — ohmic resistance, activation overpotential, and concentration overpotential — causing charge voltage to be higher and discharge voltage to be lower than OCV.

(BMS) Battery Management System Certification Practice Test

(BMS) Battery Management System Certification Practice Test

BMS Battery Fundamentals & Electrochemistry 2