BLArch Bachelor of Landscape Architecture Bachelor of Landscape Architecture Environmental Science Ecology 3

Question 1

Which ecological principle explains why energy decreases by approximately 90% at each trophic level?

Accepted Answer

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer

The second law of thermodynamics states that energy transfers are inefficient, with roughly 90% lost as heat at each trophic level.

Question 2

A landscape architect designing a bioswale is primarily targeting which ecosystem service?

Accepted Answer

Stormwater filtration and runoff reduction

Answer

Bioswales are vegetated channels designed to slow, filter, and infiltrate stormwater runoff, reducing peak flows and improving water quality.

Question 3

The term 'phenology' in ecology refers to the study of:

Accepted Answer

Seasonal timing of biological events

Answer

Phenology studies the timing of cyclical biological events—such as flowering, migration, and leaf-out—and their relationship to climate and season.

Question 4

Which soil horizon contains the highest concentration of decomposed organic matter?

Accepted Answer

O horizon

Answer

The O horizon (organic horizon) sits at the surface and consists primarily of decomposed and decomposing organic matter like leaf litter and humus.

Question 5

In restoration ecology, 'reference ecosystem' refers to:

Accepted Answer

A historical or nearby undisturbed site used as a restoration target

Answer

A reference ecosystem is an existing or historically documented site that represents the desired end-state for ecological restoration efforts.

BLArch Bachelor of Landscape Architecture Practice Test