Biology Test Neuroscience Fundamentals 3

Question 1

Which neurotransmitter system is most directly implicated in Parkinson's disease due to degeneration of the substantia nigra?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Question 2

What term describes the period after an action potential during which a neuron cannot fire again regardless of stimulus strength?

Accepted Answer

Absolute refractory period

Answer

Relative refractory period

Answer

Hyperpolarization phase

Answer

Summation period

Question 3

Which glial cell type is responsible for myelinating axons in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Answer

Schwann cells

Answer

Astrocytes

Answer

Microglia

Question 4

The hippocampus is critically involved in which type of memory?

Accepted Answer

Declarative episodic memory

Answer

Procedural motor memory

Answer

Emotional fear conditioning only

Answer

Implicit priming

Question 5

Spatial summation in neurons refers to:

Accepted Answer

Simultaneous inputs from multiple synapses combining to reach threshold

Answer

Multiple action potentials from one synapse adding over time

Answer

The spread of depolarization along a myelinated axon

Answer

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials canceling each other

Question 6

Which division of the autonomic nervous system uses acetylcholine as its primary postganglionic neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic

Answer

Sympathetic

Answer

Somatic motor

Answer

Enteric only

Question 7

Action potentials are described as 'all-or-none' events because:

Accepted Answer

Once threshold is reached, the full amplitude is always produced regardless of stimulus size

Answer

They only travel to all neurons or none at all

Answer

They either fully inhibit or fully excite the postsynaptic cell

Answer

The sodium channels either open completely or not at all individually