Biology Test Biology Microbiology and Biotechnology 3

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Question 2

What is the primary purpose of a vector in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

To carry and replicate foreign DNA in a host organism

Answer

To degrade foreign DNA in the host cell

Answer

To translate mRNA into protein

Answer

To amplify RNA molecules

Question 3

Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called:

Accepted Answer

Bacteriophages

Answer

Retroviruses

Answer

Prions

Answer

Viroids

Question 4

Which technique separates DNA fragments by size using an electric field?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Southern blotting

Answer

PCR

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 5

What is the main difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane absent in gram-positive bacteria

Answer

Gram-negative bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer

Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have an outer lipopolysaccharide membrane

Answer

Gram-positive bacteria lack a cell wall entirely

Question 6

In fermentation, what serves as the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

An organic molecule

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

NAD+

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Question 7

Which component of a retrovirus is responsible for converting its RNA genome into DNA?

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

DNA ligase

Answer

Helicase