Biology Test Biology Anatomy and Physiology 4

Question 1

In the digestive system, which enzyme begins the chemical digestion of starch in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Answer

Salivary amylase (ptyalin) is secreted by salivary glands and hydrolyzes starch into maltose and shorter polysaccharides.

Question 2

What structure connects a muscle to a bone?

Accepted Answer

Tendon

Answer

Tendons are dense regular connective tissue structures that transmit the mechanical force of muscle contraction to the skeleton.

Question 3

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex contains the primary visual cortex?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

The primary visual cortex (V1) is located in the occipital lobe, specifically in the banks of the calcarine sulcus.

Question 4

Which hormone stimulates the reabsorption of sodium ions in the renal tubule, thereby regulating blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Aldosterone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, acts on the distal tubule and collecting duct to increase Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ excretion.

Question 5

The exchange of gases between the blood and body tissues is called:

Accepted Answer

Internal respiration

Answer

Internal (tissue) respiration is the exchange of O₂ and CO₂ between systemic capillary blood and surrounding tissue cells.

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