Biology Test Biology Anatomy and Physiology 3

Question 1

Which part of the nephron is responsible for the selective reabsorption of most filtered glucose and amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer

The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs approximately 65% of filtered water, nearly all glucose, and most amino acids via active transport.

Question 2

The hormone calcitonin, which lowers blood calcium levels, is secreted by which gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Calcitonin is produced by parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid gland and inhibits osteoclast activity to reduce blood calcium.

Question 3

Which type of cartilage forms the intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Answer

Fibrocartilage is the toughest cartilage type, with abundant collagen fibers that resist compression and tension in weight-bearing joints.

Question 4

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the ventricle fill with blood?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular diastole

Answer

Ventricular diastole is the relaxation phase during which AV valves open and blood flows from the atria into the ventricles.

Question 5

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling most of the extrinsic eye muscles?

Accepted Answer

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Answer

The oculomotor nerve (CN III) innervates four of the six extrinsic eye muscles, as well as the levator palpebrae and pupillary constrictor.

Biology Practice Test