Biology Test Immunology 1

Question 1

What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate is non-specific and immediate; adaptive is specific and develops over time

Answer

Innate immunity provides immediate, non-specific defense (skin barriers, phagocytes, inflammation), while adaptive immunity develops targeted responses to specific pathogens through antibodies and memory cells.

Question 2

Which type of white blood cell produces antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes (B cells)

Answer

B cells differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies (immunoglobulins) specific to particular antigens, providing humoral immunity.

Question 3

What is the function of helper T cells?

Accepted Answer

To coordinate the immune response by activating other immune cells

Answer

Helper T cells (CD4+) play a central coordinating role by releasing cytokines that activate B cells, cytotoxic T cells, and macrophages, orchestrating the adaptive immune response.

Question 4

What is an antigen?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that triggers an immune response

Answer

An antigen is any molecule (usually a protein on the surface of a pathogen) that can be recognized by the immune system and trigger an immune response, including antibody production.

Question 5

How do vaccines work?

Accepted Answer

By exposing the immune system to weakened or inactive pathogens to build memory

Answer

Vaccines introduce harmless forms of a pathogen (weakened, killed, or parts of it), stimulating the adaptive immune system to produce memory cells that provide rapid protection upon future exposure.

Biology Practice Test

Biology Practice Test

Biology Test Immunology 1