Biology Microbiology and Biotechnology Flashcards
7 cards from real Biology Test practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Biology Microbiology and Biotechnology flashcards as text
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
Answer: tRNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching anticodons to mRNA codons.
What is the function of restriction endonucleases in biotechnology?
Answer: Cut DNA at specific sequences
Restriction endonucleases recognize and cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences, enabling precise manipulation of DNA.
Which structure allows bacteria to survive extreme environmental conditions?
Answer: Endospore
Endospores are highly resistant dormant structures formed by certain bacteria (e.g., Bacillus) that survive heat, desiccation, and chemicals.
In CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, what is the role of the guide RNA?
Answer: It directs Cas9 to a specific DNA sequence
The guide RNA (gRNA) is complementary to the target DNA sequence and directs the Cas9 protein to the correct genomic location.
Which of the following best describes a prion?
Answer: A misfolded protein that induces other proteins to misfold
Prions are infectious misfolded proteins that cause normal proteins to adopt their abnormal conformation, causing neurodegenerative diseases.
What process is used in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to separate DNA strands?
Answer: Denaturation by heat
In PCR, the denaturation step uses high temperature (~95°C) to break hydrogen bonds and separate the double-stranded DNA into single strands.
Which antibiotic targets the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit to inhibit protein synthesis?
Answer: Erythromycin
Erythromycin (a macrolide antibiotic) binds the 50S ribosomal subunit and blocks translocation, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.