BHS Health and Wellness 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Primary prevention strategies are aimed at:
- Detecting disease early before symptoms appear
- Preventing disease before it occurs (Correct answer)
- Rehabilitating individuals after disease onset
- Managing chronic disease complications
Correct answer: Preventing disease before it occurs
Primary prevention targets healthy populations to prevent the onset of disease, such as vaccination and health education.
Question 2: The FITT principle in exercise prescription stands for:
- Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type (Correct answer)
- Fitness, Interval, Training, Technique
- Flexibility, Intensity, Timing, Tolerance
- Frequency, Intervals, Tempo, Training
Correct answer: Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type
FITT stands for Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type — the four variables used to design an effective exercise program.
Question 3: Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D (Correct answer)
- Vitamin K
Correct answer: Vitamin D
Vitamin D is produced endogenously when UVB rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger synthesis.
Question 4: A person who has acknowledged a health problem and is actively planning to change within the next month is in which stage of the Transtheoretical Model?
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation (Correct answer)
- Action
Correct answer: Preparation
The Preparation stage involves intending to take action in the immediate future (within 30 days) and may include small preparatory steps.
Question 5: Epidemiological data showing that sedentary behavior increases cardiovascular disease risk is an example of which type of evidence?
- Anecdotal evidence
- Expert opinion
- Observational cohort study evidence (Correct answer)
- In vitro experimental evidence
Correct answer: Observational cohort study evidence
Prospective cohort studies follow populations over time to observe associations between behaviors like inactivity and disease outcomes.
Question 6: The term 'allostatic load' refers to:
- The body's ideal set point for homeostasis
- Cumulative wear and tear from chronic stress responses (Correct answer)
- The immediate fight-or-flight cortisol surge
- A measure of cardiovascular workload during exercise
Correct answer: Cumulative wear and tear from chronic stress responses
Allostatic load is the cumulative physiological cost of repeated or chronic stress exposures that strain multiple body systems over time.
Question 7: Which dietary pattern is most strongly associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in U.S. adults?
- High-protein, low-fat diet
- Mediterranean-style diet (Correct answer)
- Carnivore diet
- Very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet
Correct answer: Mediterranean-style diet
The Mediterranean diet—rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, olive oil, and fish—has the strongest evidence base for cardiovascular protection.
BHS Health and Wellness 3
Primary prevention strategies are aimed at: