BHS Anatomy and Physiology 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of epithelium lines the urinary bladder and can stretch to accommodate volume changes?
- Simple squamous epithelium
- Pseudostratified epithelium
- Transitional epithelium (Correct answer)
- Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Correct answer: Transitional epithelium
Transitional epithelium (urothelium) is specialized to stretch when the bladder fills and return to a thicker state when empty.
Question 2: The lymphatic capillaries in the small intestinal villi that absorb dietary fats are called:
- Sinusoids
- Lacteals (Correct answer)
- Venules
- Chylocytes
Correct answer: Lacteals
Lacteals are specialized lymphatic capillaries in intestinal villi that absorb fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins as chyle.
Question 3: During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the ventricles fill with blood?
- Ventricular systole
- Isovolumetric contraction
- Ventricular diastole (Correct answer)
- Atrial systole only
Correct answer: Ventricular diastole
Ventricular diastole is the relaxation phase during which the ventricles fill passively (and via atrial contraction) with blood.
Question 4: Which structure connects the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland?
- Infundibulum (Correct answer)
- Optic chiasm
- Corpus callosum
- Fornix
Correct answer: Infundibulum
The infundibulum (pituitary stalk) is the neural connection through which axons from hypothalamic nuclei extend into the posterior pituitary.
Question 5: The zona pellucida is a structure associated with which cell type?
- Sperm cell
- Oocyte (Correct answer)
- Sertoli cell
- Trophoblast
Correct answer: Oocyte
The zona pellucida is the glycoprotein layer surrounding the oocyte that must be penetrated by sperm for fertilization.
Question 6: Which of the following correctly describes the role of surfactant in the lungs?
- Increases alveolar surface tension
- Decreases alveolar surface tension (Correct answer)
- Stimulates bronchodilation
- Filters inhaled particles
Correct answer: Decreases alveolar surface tension
Pulmonary surfactant, produced by type II pneumocytes, reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing collapse during exhalation.
Question 7: The tricuspid valve separates which two chambers of the heart?
- Left atrium and left ventricle
- Right ventricle and pulmonary artery
- Right atrium and right ventricle (Correct answer)
- Left ventricle and aorta
Correct answer: Right atrium and right ventricle
The tricuspid (right atrioventricular) valve lies between the right atrium and right ventricle, preventing backflow during ventricular contraction.
BHS Anatomy and Physiology 3
Which type of epithelium lines the urinary bladder and can stretch to accommodate volume changes?