BHS Anatomy and Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of muscle tissue is under voluntary control and has striated appearance?
- Cardiac muscle
- Smooth muscle
- Skeletal muscle (Correct answer)
- Visceral muscle
Correct answer: Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle is attached to bones, striated in appearance, and under voluntary (somatic) control.
Question 2: The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in which chamber of the heart?
- Left ventricle
- Right atrium (Correct answer)
- Left atrium
- Right ventricle
Correct answer: Right atrium
The SA node, the heart's primary pacemaker, is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium.
Question 3: Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the reabsorption of sodium in the renal tubules?
- ADH
- Cortisol
- Aldosterone (Correct answer)
- Renin
Correct answer: Aldosterone
Aldosterone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, promotes Na⁺ reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
Question 4: The process by which cells engulf large particles or microorganisms is called:
- Pinocytosis
- Exocytosis
- Phagocytosis (Correct answer)
- Osmosis
Correct answer: Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis ('cell eating') is the process by which cells engulf solid particles, bacteria, or cell debris.
Question 5: Which bone forms the posterior portion of the hard palate?
- Vomer
- Palatine bone (Correct answer)
- Maxilla
- Sphenoid bone
Correct answer: Palatine bone
The palatine bones form the posterior one-third of the hard palate, while the maxillae form the anterior two-thirds.
Question 6: The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration is the:
- Nephron (Correct answer)
- Glomerulus
- Loop of Henle
- Collecting duct
Correct answer: Nephron
The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney, encompassing all filtration, reabsorption, and secretion processes.
Question 7: Which plexus gives rise to the sciatic nerve?
- Cervical plexus
- Brachial plexus
- Lumbar plexus
- Sacral plexus (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Sacral plexus
The sciatic nerve, the largest nerve in the body, arises from the sacral plexus (L4–S3).
BHS Anatomy and Physiology 2
Which type of muscle tissue is under voluntary control and has striated appearance?