BHS Community and Public Health 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The Healthy People initiative in the United States sets national health objectives for each decade. What federal agency leads this effort?
- CDC
- NIH
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP) (Correct answer)
- HRSA
Correct answer: Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP)
ODPHP within HHS leads the Healthy People initiative, which sets measurable public health objectives for the nation every 10 years.
Question 2: Which model of health behavior identifies five stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance?
- Health Belief Model
- Social Cognitive Theory
- Transtheoretical Model (Correct answer)
- Theory of Planned Behavior
Correct answer: Transtheoretical Model
The Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska & DiClemente) describes behavior change as a process through five sequential stages.
Question 3: Environmental justice refers to:
- Enforcing EPA regulations uniformly across all industries
- The fair treatment of all people regardless of race or income in environmental and health policies (Correct answer)
- The legal prosecution of environmental polluters
- International climate change treaties
Correct answer: The fair treatment of all people regardless of race or income in environmental and health policies
Environmental justice ensures that no group bears a disproportionate share of environmental burdens (e.g., pollution, toxic waste) based on race or income.
Question 4: What is the purpose of a health impact assessment (HIA)?
- To bill insurers for preventive services
- To evaluate potential health effects of a policy, plan, or project before it is implemented (Correct answer)
- To diagnose environmental illnesses in a community
- To audit hospital infection control practices
Correct answer: To evaluate potential health effects of a policy, plan, or project before it is implemented
An HIA is a systematic process used prospectively to estimate how a proposed decision will affect the health of a population.
Question 5: Which of the following best describes 'upstream' interventions in public health?
- Providing treatment to individuals already diagnosed with illness
- Addressing root social and environmental causes of poor health (Correct answer)
- Screening high-risk patients for chronic disease
- Administering vaccines during an outbreak
Correct answer: Addressing root social and environmental causes of poor health
Upstream interventions target the social, economic, and environmental conditions that fundamentally drive health disparities and disease.
Question 6: Which disease control strategy involves rapidly identifying and isolating contacts of infected individuals to stop transmission?
- Quarantine
- Contact tracing (Correct answer)
- Ring vaccination
- Cohorting
Correct answer: Contact tracing
Contact tracing systematically identifies people exposed to a contagious disease so they can be monitored, tested, or isolated.
BHS Community and Public Health 2
The Healthy People initiative in the United States sets national health objectives for each decade.
What federal agency leads this effort?