Psychological Theories Flashcards
7 cards from real BHP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Psychological Theories flashcards as text
In narrative therapy, the process of helping a client rewrite their life story with a healthier perspective is called:
Answer: Re-authoring
Re-authoring (or re-storying) helps clients construct alternative narratives that contradict the dominant problem-saturated story of their lives.
Which concept from psychodynamic theory describes the therapist's emotional reaction to the client, often triggered by the client's transference?
Answer: Countertransference
Countertransference refers to the therapist's unconscious emotional reactions to the client, which can be used therapeutically if recognized and managed.
According to Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory, the stage characterized by abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking is:
Answer: Formal operational
The formal operational stage (approximately age 12+) involves the capacity for abstract, logical, and hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
In motivational interviewing (MI), the acronym OARS stands for:
Answer: Open questions, Affirmations, Reflective listening, Summaries
OARS represents the core communication skills in MI: Open questions, Affirmations, Reflective listening, and Summaries.
Bowlby's attachment theory proposes that the attachment behavioral system is activated primarily by:
Answer: Perceived threat or danger to security
The attachment system activates in response to perceived threat or stress, motivating proximity-seeking to an attachment figure for protection and comfort.
A client describes always seeing situations as either completely good or completely bad, with no middle ground. This cognitive distortion is called:
Answer: All-or-nothing thinking
All-or-nothing (black-and-white) thinking involves evaluating experiences in absolute, polar categories, missing the nuance of a continuum.
Which of the following best describes the key difference between classical and operant conditioning?
Answer: Classical conditioning pairs stimuli to elicit automatic responses; operant conditioning shapes voluntary behavior through consequences
Classical conditioning (Pavlov) associates involuntary reflexive responses with neutral stimuli, while operant conditioning (Skinner) uses consequences to influence voluntary behavior.