Psychological Theories Flashcards

The ABC model in Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) identifies 'B' as:

Answer: Belief system about the activating event

In Ellis's ABC model, B stands for the belief—rational or irrational—that mediates between the activating event (A) and the emotional consequence (C).

Maslow's hierarchy of needs places which need at the very top of the pyramid?

Answer: Self-actualization

Self-actualization—realizing one's full potential—sits at the apex of Maslow's hierarchy, attainable only after lower-order needs are met.

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'operant conditioning' as developed by B.F. Skinner?

Answer: Learning through consequences of behavior

Operant conditioning holds that behavior is shaped by its consequences—reinforcement increases behavior while punishment decreases it.

A behavioral health professional using a systems theory approach would view a client's depression primarily as:

Answer: A symptom embedded within relational and contextual systems

Systems theory views individual symptoms as expressions of dysfunction within the broader relational, family, or social systems surrounding the person.

In psychodynamic theory, the 'superego' is best described as:

Answer: The internalized moral standards and ideals

The superego represents internalized societal rules, parental standards, and moral values that judge and censor the ego's actions.

Which theorist is credited with developing Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), originally designed to treat borderline personality disorder?

Answer: Marsha Linehan

Marsha Linehan developed DBT, which integrates cognitive-behavioral techniques with acceptance and mindfulness strategies.

In Carl Rogers' person-centered theory, 'unconditional positive regard' means the therapist:

Answer: Accepts the client without conditions or judgment

Unconditional positive regard is the therapist's complete acceptance of the client regardless of what they say or do, without evaluation or judgment.