BHK Bachelor of Kinesiology MCQ 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The Fick equation for oxygen consumption states that VO₂ equals:
- Heart rate × stroke volume
- Cardiac output × arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO₂ diff) (Correct answer)
- Tidal volume × respiratory rate
- Minute ventilation × oxygen fraction
Correct answer: Cardiac output × arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO₂ diff)
The Fick principle: VO₂ = Cardiac output (Q) × a-vO₂ difference, combining how much blood is pumped with how much oxygen is extracted per unit of blood.
Question 2: Which reflex arc inhibits excessive muscle tension by sensing force in the tendon?
- Stretch reflex (myotatic reflex)
- Withdrawal (flexor) reflex
- Inverse myotatic reflex (Ib inhibition via GTO) (Correct answer)
- Crossed extensor reflex
Correct answer: Inverse myotatic reflex (Ib inhibition via GTO)
Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) detect high muscle tension and trigger Ib afferent inhibition of the muscle, protecting tendons and joints from excessive force.
Question 3: Which of the following best describes muscular endurance as a fitness component?
- The maximum force a muscle can exert in a single effort
- The ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force repeatedly over time (Correct answer)
- The rate at which muscles can shorten under a given load
- The flexibility of connective tissue surrounding muscles
Correct answer: The ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force repeatedly over time
Muscular endurance refers to a muscle's ability to sustain repeated contractions or maintain a contraction against resistance for an extended period.
Question 4: What is the mechanical advantage of a third-class lever, which is the most common lever type in the human body?
- Mechanical advantage greater than 1, favoring force production
- Mechanical advantage equal to 1, balancing force and speed
- Mechanical advantage less than 1, favoring speed and range of motion over force (Correct answer)
- Mechanical advantage varies based on joint angle only
Correct answer: Mechanical advantage less than 1, favoring speed and range of motion over force
Third-class levers (effort between fulcrum and load) have a mechanical advantage <1, meaning more force is needed but speed and range of motion are amplified.
Question 5: During the eccentric phase of a squat, which muscle group is primarily responsible for controlling the descent?
- Hip flexors and dorsiflexors
- Hamstrings and calf muscles
- Quadriceps and gluteus maximus (Correct answer)
- Adductors and tibialis anterior
Correct answer: Quadriceps and gluteus maximus
The quadriceps and gluteus maximus contract eccentrically (lengthening under load) to decelerate hip and knee flexion during the downward phase of the squat.
Question 6: Which physiological adaptation is most characteristic of long-term aerobic endurance training?
- Increased maximal heart rate
- Decreased resting stroke volume
- Increased mitochondrial density in skeletal muscle (Correct answer)
- Decreased plasma volume
Correct answer: Increased mitochondrial density in skeletal muscle
Endurance training significantly increases the number and size of mitochondria in skeletal muscle, enhancing oxidative capacity and fatigue resistance.
Question 7: In a research study on kinesiology, internal validity refers to:
- The degree to which results can be generalized to other populations
- The extent to which the study accurately measures what it intends to measure and establishes causation (Correct answer)
- The reliability of measurement instruments across different laboratories
- The ecological realism of the experimental setting
Correct answer: The extent to which the study accurately measures what it intends to measure and establishes causation
Internal validity reflects how well a study controls confounding variables and establishes that the independent variable caused the observed changes in the dependent variable.
BHK Bachelor of Kinesiology MCQ 5
The Fick equation for oxygen consumption states that VO₂ equals: