BGS, BSGS Bachelor of General Studies Philosophy and Ethics 2

Question 1

Aristotle's concept of 'eudaimonia' is best translated as:

Accepted Answer

Flourishing or well-being

Answer

Pleasure

Answer

Duty

Answer

Obedience to God

Question 2

Which philosophical position holds that reality is fundamentally mental or spiritual in nature?

Accepted Answer

Idealism

Answer

Materialism

Answer

Dualism

Answer

Nihilism

Question 3

The 'veil of ignorance' is a thought experiment developed by philosopher John Rawls to:

Accepted Answer

Design just social principles without knowing one's place in society

Answer

Demonstrate that knowledge is impossible

Answer

Show that morality is subjective

Answer

Argue for absolute equality in all circumstances

Question 4

Existentialism, as expressed by Jean-Paul Sartre, is characterized by the claim that:

Accepted Answer

Existence precedes essence for human beings

Answer

Essence precedes existence for human beings

Answer

God defines the essence of each person

Answer

Human nature is fixed and universal

Question 5

The philosophical problem of the 'mind-body problem' concerns:

Accepted Answer

How mental states relate to physical brain states

Answer

Whether humans have free will

Answer

Whether ethical rules are universal

Answer

The existence of God

Question 6

Moral relativism holds that:

Accepted Answer

Moral judgments are true or false only relative to cultural or individual standards

Answer

There is one universal moral standard applicable to all cultures

Answer

Moral truths are objective and discoverable through reason

Answer

God is the sole source of moral authority

Question 7

The 'trolley problem,' a famous ethical thought experiment, is primarily used to explore the tension between:

Accepted Answer

Deontological and consequentialist ethical frameworks

Answer

Rationalism and empiricism

Answer

Theism and atheism

Answer

Free will and determinism