BGS, BSGS Bachelor of General Studies BSGS Natural Sciences 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up along the cell's equatorial plate?
- Prophase
- Anaphase
- Metaphase (Correct answer)
- Telophase
Correct answer: Metaphase
During metaphase, condensed chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate by spindle fibers attached to kinetochores.
Question 2: What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 × 10⁻⁹ mol/L?
- 5
- 7
- 9 (Correct answer)
- 11
Correct answer: 9
pH = –log[H⁺] = –log(10⁻⁹) = 9, which is basic (alkaline).
Question 3: Which type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?
- Sedimentary
- Metamorphic
- Igneous (Correct answer)
- Conglomerate
Correct answer: Igneous
Igneous rocks form when molten material (magma underground or lava at the surface) cools and crystallizes.
Question 4: In physics, what does Newton's second law of motion state?
- Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
- An object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon
- Force equals mass times acceleration (Correct answer)
- Energy is conserved in a closed system
Correct answer: Force equals mass times acceleration
Newton's second law (F = ma) states that the net force on an object equals its mass multiplied by its acceleration.
Question 5: Which process converts atmospheric nitrogen gas (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃) usable by plants?
- Nitrification
- Denitrification
- Nitrogen fixation (Correct answer)
- Ammonification
Correct answer: Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen fixation, carried out by bacteria such as Rhizobium, breaks the triple bond in N₂ and converts it to ammonia.
Question 6: What is the term for the minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction?
- Enthalpy
- Entropy
- Activation energy (Correct answer)
- Gibbs free energy
Correct answer: Activation energy
Activation energy is the energy barrier reactants must overcome to form products; enzymes lower it in biological systems.
Question 7: Which electromagnetic waves have the shortest wavelength and highest energy on the electromagnetic spectrum?
- Radio waves
- Infrared waves
- X-rays
- Gamma rays (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Gamma rays
Gamma rays have wavelengths shorter than 0.01 nm and energies above 100 keV, making them the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation.
BGS, BSGS Bachelor of General Studies BSGS Natural Sciences 3
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up along the cell's equatorial plate?