BGS, BSGS Bachelor of General Studies Cheat Sheet 2026

The 30 highest-yield BGS, BSGS Bachelor of General Studies facts, distilled from real exam questions. Print it, save it as a PDF, or study it here — free, no sign-up.

1. Lake eutrophication is a risk. → when there is excess phosphorus.
2. When one population is dependent on the advantages provided by another population in order to live, the connection is known as: → mutualism
3. What does a positive correlation between two variables indicate? → As one variable increases, the other also tends to increase
4. In ecology, which term describes a species that has a disproportionately large impact on its ecosystem relative to its abundance? → Keystone species
5. What type of market structure is characterized by one seller controlling the entire supply of a product? → Monopoly
6. What does 'IQ' stand for and what does it measure? → Intelligence Quotient; a score reflecting cognitive abilities relative to peers
7. Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative primarily directs individuals to: → Act only according to principles you could will to be universal laws
8. Where in the chloroplast do the "dark" processes of photosynthesis occur? → stroma.
9. What is 'social conformity' as studied in psychology? → The tendency to change one's behavior or beliefs to match the norms of a group
10. The term 'ethnocentrism' refers to which of the following? → Judging other cultures by the standards of one's own culture
11. In intergovernmental relations, a 'block grant' differs from a 'categorical grant' primarily because block grants: → Give recipient governments broad discretion in how funds are spent
12. In binary, what is the decimal equivalent of 1101? → 13
13. Who authored a book that examined civilization from 1780 to 1950? → Raymond Williams
14. In international relations, what does the term 'non-state actor' refer to? → An organization or individual influencing world politics without being a government
15. What is 'framing' in the context of media studies? → The way media presents information to influence how audiences interpret it
16. What is the function of a DNS server? → To translate human-readable domain names into IP addresses
17. The Constitution of India's Preamble was amended to include the word "Secular" by → Forty-Second Amendment Act
18. The philosophical problem of the 'mind-body problem' concerns: → How mental states relate to physical brain states
19. In ethics, 'utilitarianism' as articulated by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill holds that the morally correct action is the one that: → Produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number
20. Which Hamiltonian-era principle argued that a strong, energetic executive branch is essential to good government? → Energy in the executive
21. The _________ was painted by Ambrogio Lorenzetti. → The Effects of Good Government
22. Which concept describes the tension experienced when a person moves between two cultures and feels they do not fully belong to either? → Marginality
23. The tool that performs the conversion of analog to digital signals in a data communication network is known as the . → Modem
24. What type of natural selection favors individuals at one extreme of a trait distribution over the other extreme? → Directional selection
25. The concept of 'span of control' in public organizations refers to: → The number of subordinates a supervisor can effectively manage
26. Which layer of the Earth's atmosphere contains the ozone layer that absorbs most incoming ultraviolet radiation? → Stratosphere
27. In wave physics, which property of a wave determines its color when describing visible light? → Frequency
28. Which of the following statements regarding the Constitution's amendment under Article 368 is untrue? → In case of disagreement between the Houses joint sitting may be called
29. In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean? → 68%
30. What is the formula for the area of a rectangle? → Length × Width