Digital Logic and Microprocessors Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Digital Logic and Microprocessors flashcards as text
Which logic family offers the lowest power consumption, making it ideal for battery-powered devices?
Answer: CMOS
CMOS logic consumes negligible static power because it draws current only during switching transitions.
A 3-to-8 line decoder with active-low outputs has all inputs = 1. Which output line is asserted?
Answer: Output 7 (Y7)
Binary 111 = decimal 7, so Y7 is selected and pulled LOW (active-low) while all others remain HIGH.
In pipelining, what is a 'pipeline hazard'?
Answer: A condition that prevents the next instruction from executing in the next cycle
Pipeline hazards are conditions (structural, data, or control) that prevent continuous instruction flow through the pipeline.
What is the output of a 4-bit binary counter after 18 clock pulses, starting from 0000?
Answer: 0010
A 4-bit counter cycles through 0–15 (modulo 16); 18 mod 16 = 2, which is 0010 in binary.
Which type of ROM can be erased by exposing it to ultraviolet light?
Answer: EPROM
EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM) is erased by exposing it to UV light through a quartz window.
In IEEE 754 single-precision floating point, how many bits are allocated to the exponent field?
Answer: 8
IEEE 754 single-precision format uses 1 sign bit, 8 exponent bits, and 23 mantissa bits.
What is the primary advantage of a Harvard architecture over a Von Neumann architecture?
Answer: Simultaneous instruction and data memory access
Harvard architecture uses separate buses for instruction and data memory, allowing simultaneous access and higher throughput.