BCSE Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which lymph node is most accessible for palpation in a healthy dog and is routinely evaluated during physical examination?
- Mesenteric lymph node
- Submandibular lymph node
- Mediastinal lymph node
- Popliteal lymph node (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Popliteal lymph node
The popliteal lymph node, located in the popliteal fossa behind the stifle joint, is consistently palpable in dogs and is a standard part of the physical examination.
Question 2: The sinoatrial (SA) node in mammals is located in which cardiac structure?
- Wall of the left ventricle
- Interventricular septum
- Wall of the right atrium near the cranial vena cava (Correct answer)
- Atrioventricular groove
Correct answer: Wall of the right atrium near the cranial vena cava
The SA node is located in the wall of the right atrium near the junction with the cranial vena cava and serves as the primary pacemaker of the heart.
Question 3: Which type of epithelium lines the urinary bladder and can change shape when the bladder distends?
- Stratified squamous epithelium
- Simple columnar epithelium
- Transitional epithelium (urothelium) (Correct answer)
- Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Correct answer: Transitional epithelium (urothelium)
Transitional epithelium (urothelium) is uniquely adapted to stretch as the bladder fills and recoil when it empties.
Question 4: In ruminants, which forestomach compartment is responsible for receiving ingesta directly from the esophagus and initiating fermentation?
- Omasum
- Abomasum
- Reticulum
- Rumen (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Rumen
The rumen is the largest forestomach compartment and is the primary site of microbial fermentation of plant material in ruminants.
Question 5: Which hormone, produced by the posterior pituitary gland, promotes water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts?
- Aldosterone
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Correct answer)
- Atrial natriuretic peptide
- Parathyroid hormone
Correct answer: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin) acts on aquaporin channels in collecting duct cells to increase water reabsorption and concentrate urine.
Question 6: The greater omentum in dogs is a peritoneal fold that primarily originates from which organ?
- Liver
- Spleen
- Greater curvature of the stomach (Correct answer)
- Descending duodenum
Correct answer: Greater curvature of the stomach
The greater omentum arises from the greater curvature of the stomach and drapes over the intestines, playing roles in fat storage and immune defense.
Question 7: Which part of the equine foot corresponds anatomically to the human fingernail?
- Frog
- White line
- Hoof wall (Correct answer)
- Sole
Correct answer: Hoof wall
The hoof wall is the cornified epidermal structure that is the anatomical homolog of the human fingernail, produced by the coronary band.
BCSE Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology 2
Which lymph node is most accessible for palpation in a healthy dog and is routinely evaluated during physical examination?